NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR INVESTIGATION OF WATER DECOMPOSITION BY GDV- AND THERMAL-VISION METHODS: HEAT EFFECT OF RADICAL RECOMBINATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE

* Shishkanov S.F., **Domrachev G.A., * Vorobiev A.V., * Volovik M.I.
* - Nizhegorodsky institute of traumatology and ortopedics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
** - G.A.Razuvaev Institute of Metalloorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Nanotechnology today is a vast field embracing wide diversity of approaches, physical and chemical principles and instrumental methods. The properties of nanosized materials within a range of 1 to 100 nm differ dramatically from massive materials measuring in microns and higher. When particle sizes become comparable to the length of electron wave function coherence, their electronic properties appear heavily dependent on sizes. This is a manifestation of the quantum size effect observed in objects with nanosizes in one, two or three dimensions. Motion of the electron within such objects is constrained by sizes and, as a result of its quantum properties, the electron energy may only take certain discrete values. This reveals totally new effects in handling nanostructures and fosters innovative new-generation developments [1].
Application of track nuclear membrane filters with pore sizes ranging from tens to hundreds of nm enabled investigation of mechanochemical water decomposition at the nanostructure level.

Medical application of thermal-vision diagnostics methods is based on the recording of infrared radiation of the body tissue in case of blood flow and metabolism variations. Metabolic and microcirculatory disturbances in tissues and organs also affect the characteristics of gas-discharge glow of the corresponding meridians which carry functional state information [2].

All processes of metabolism in the body are interconnected and occur in a common water-based medium. We have assumed that heat effects may result from water decomposition as it flows through membranes and small vessels. To attain the investigation objectives we used instruments and methods of thermal-vision diagnostics and gas-discharge visualization applied in practical medicine.

The earlier investigations showed that a water flow via capillary tubes of smaller diameter is attended by increased viscous friction forces and intensified decomposition. The energy necessary to break the H-OH bond is located at all times in the nanoscale area of the water structure. The elementary decomposition acts produce hydrated atoms H•aq and radicals •OHaq, i.e. n- and p-defective associates. Ionization of n-defective associates produces a hydrated electron (H•aq = H+aq + e-aq). Hence, such water releases electrons and protons more easily, its pH becoming more acid through formation of H+aq. Thus more decomposed (dissociated) water which has passed through capillary tubes of smaller diameter feature higher intensity of GDV grams. This accounts for decreased GDV flow of the human body in case of microcirculatory disturbances caused by a decelerated blood flow and distended capillary bed [3].

The results of the experiments conducted to determine the “exit” of radicals generated by water decomposition (dissociation) showed that they recombined in more than 99% [3]. Hence, these reactions give off thermal (heat) energy.
Used in the experiments was high-purity degassed deionized water of А OST 11 029.003-80 Class. Water flow through the filter is bottom-up. Filters with pore diameters of 400, 100 and 50 nm were used. The investigation involved dynamic GDV-graphy within an interval of 10 sec using the pendant drop method on the Professional GDV-camera and water thermal-vision upstream and downstream of the membrane on the NEC unit (Japan), within a wave length range from 8 to 13 µm applied in medicine.
Reliable differences (р ? 0.05) were obtained for the area of GDV glow of water on all filters with the flare area extended on finer membranes. Reliable temperature differences (р ? 0.05) were revealed on filters with a pore diameter of 100 nm (?t = 0.1-0.2°C), more pronounced on 50 nm pore filters (?t = 0.3-0.4°C).

Thus the experiment revealed a previously undescribed heat effect of radical recombination during water decomposition in small (capillary) channels, which occurs in a living body. Water is the “working medium” in physiological processes at the microcirculatory level. Metabolism disturbances and energy supply of living systems are associated with the processes of water decomposition into radicals and   energy production by their recombination.  

References:
1.    Nuclear Physics and Nanotechnologies: Nuclear-Physical Aspects of Formation, Investigation and Application of Nanostructures.//Under the editorship of A.N.Sisakyan; – Dubna: OIYI. – 2008 – 395.
2.    K.G.Korotkov. Analysis Principles in GDV-Bioelectrography. - SPb: Renome. - 2007. – 283.
3.    S.F.Shishkanov, N.N.Borovkov, P.Y.Apel and coauthors. Water Dissociation in Capillary Tubes and Intensity of GDV Glow of Liquids and Humans.//Theses of papers delivered at the International Scientific Congress “Science. Information. Consciousness. – SPb. – 2005. – pp.209-210.